Not Poor, Just Broke Essay Example

Not Poor, Just Broke Paper I learned most emotions from school. You would think I would have learned most of my feelings from my home life, but I think my parents did the best they could to cover them up and make it seem like everything was fine and dandy. I grew up in a museum of sorts, or a playhouse. Everything was staged and we had to act in a proper manner to make it look like we had a perfect life. When my mom was upset, she would pull herself together in a moments time and say we need to â€Å"keep up appearances† so no one was the wiser. I would pay close attention to my parents to try and iscover how they really felt, but they were remarkable actors. So I became a player, performing in my own life as well. It was in school where I learned what real emotion was. And how to handle it. How do you pretend one way when you feel another way? I would imagine that is why some of the other kids act out. They are in a certain life, pretending to be something they are not but don’t want to let on t o the truth of their real emotions. I remember this other student who went to school with me. I felt bad for him most of the time because he always came to school kind f dirty and shabby. His family barely had any money and I don’t think his father was around. One day in class, there was a big scene when the teacher made it a point to single him out as a needed student and mention that everyone knows he doesn’t have a father. I’m not sure about his family but he seemed to just barely be holding it together. The teacher picked on him a lot, which I know bothered him. It bothered me as well. I felt sad for Page 2 of 2 him, but then I would remember my mother and trying to keep up appearances. He had a crush on my friend. I don’t think e knew that we all knew he liked her. I felt ashamed that we would make fun of him behind his back and call him names. I think back about how I use to act differently with my friends at school than I did at home. I wish I had learned more from my patents because I know now that most of my childhood friends were not the best influence on my developing emotions. That day when the teacher picked on him, I felt asha med. But I just kept smiling and pretending nothing was wrong. I wish I would have reached out to him and been a little more nice. It was a lesson well learned. We will write a custom essay sample on Not Poor, Just Broke specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Not Poor, Just Broke specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Not Poor, Just Broke specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Behavior Modification Essays

Behavior Modification Essays Behavior Modification Essay Behavior Modification Essay Applied behavior analysis can be used in all walks of life; its amazing to see how beneficial it can be to enhance someones life such as helping to improve an athletes game to change classroom behaviors. For the two scenarios the rationale for each selected behavioral modification strategy will be explained, discuss behavioral chaining, using of token economies for classrooms, mastering units of behavior, and end by discussing the role of back up reinforcers. Goal: Improving Brendans Serve Brendan is a 17-year-old tennis player that wishes to improve his game. Brendans coach referred him to a sports psychologist to assist him with improving his serve. Achieving his overall goal of serving with the correct speed and accuracy to help him win his matches is the target behavior that needs modification. I must admit before this chapter, I didnt even know that behavior analysis could help improve an athletes game. It is rather fascinating. The sports psychologist decided which behavior modification would best suit Brendans needs by interviewing him, reviewing videotapes of his serve, and considering which strategy would fit him personally for the task he is performing. The result the psychologist chose was the strategy of behavior chaining. An alternative that he could have chosen was shaping reinforcement, but that is found to be time consuming and with Brendans competitive drive, I am sure he wanted results as soon as possible. To help improve Brendans serve, the psychologist would complete what is known as a task analysis of the components of the behavioral sequence or indentify all the different stimulus-response components in the chain. (What is behavioral, 2011). With Brendan, it was determined that each step of his serve be broken down into separate units or steps. The units in this scenario include: the starting position, ball toss, swing of the racket back, acceleration of the racket, contact with the ball, and the final unit consisting of follow-through. There are different behavior chaining methods, for determining which method to use for each individual you must decide which procedure to use to teach the new sequence of behavior. For Brendan, I believe forward chaining, teaching the chain from the beginning to the end are taught so it flows through its naturally occurring order so that he receives training on each step as he proceeds to the next. You could use total-task chaining, being taught all at once when reinforcement depends on completing the entire chain, but with this case it is best to get each step broken down to work on each one individually. A behavior chain is a sequence of certain responses; it can be broken down into smaller steps using task analysis. It involves reinforcing individual responses that occur in a sequence that are linked together to achieve a certain behavior and produce a terminal outcome. After the initial unit has been reinforced, known as the primary reinforcement, then each response in the chain simultaneously serves as a secondary reinforcer for the response that produced it and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain (Cooper, Heron, Howard, 2007). Each step of this chain must be followed in its naturally occurring order for this task. Once each unit of the task has been achieved, then reinforcement has been acquired for that behavior in the sequence and then going on to the next unit until reinforcement has been made for each of the units in the chain. If the targeted skill has been achieved, then the procedure is considered to be effective. Effectiveness and efficiency of teaching can be determined to be critical factors in evaluating chaining procedures. Efficiency is defined as the number of learning trials or time it takes to reach the criterion performance, as well as the number of errors that occur in order to achieve acquisition (Gast, Doyle, Wolery, Ault, 1991). If there is difficulty with mastering an aspect of the behavior chain, the behaviorist should allow for adjustments in the task analysis and allow for more extensive training on certain parts of more difficult units in order to achieve reinforcement to the ultimate goal of mastery. In order to achieve mastery level of unit behavior, you take the individual units in sequence and have demonstrated mastery for the completion for each unit and concrete observable criterion for mastery of each unit. Brendan must continue reinforcement to maintain behavior or his performance may suffer. Token Economy for Ms. Rileys Class For the case of Ms. Riley and her energetic third-grade class, an ABA professional came up with the idea for implementing a token economy system to help with a goal of trying to settle them down enough to learn. A token economy is defined as a system in which individuals can earn tokens for targeted behaviors and once a specified number of tokens have been earned, they can be traded in for an item or activity that is desired. For a classroom that needs a behavior modification program in place, token economies can be used to meet educational and behavioral goals for children. Since no other teacher has been able to accomplish this with class, a reward system with tokens may be a way to focus their attention for meeting their desired behaviors, it clearly seems as it would be the best rationale. Tokens function as a conditioned reinforcer to achieve the target behavior. Token economies are designed using six steps. The first step is to select the tokens that will be used; in this case it is a puzzle piece. The children will have a puzzle on the wall, each day they meet their desired behavior, they earn a puzzle piece to be glued to the puzzle. This way they can clearly see how they are progressing and how far they have to go to earn their prize. The puzzle on the wall can serve as a reminder and reinforcer to behave, which includes; no fighting, remain seated during class, raising hands to answer problems or ask a question, and completing assignments in class. Step two consists of identifying the target behavior and rules. We already know the target behavior is to settle down to be able to learn, so the rules are as follows: there is a ten piece puzzle on the wall, for each, the class will receive a puzzle piece, when the puzzle is complete, the class will have a pizza party and no homework assigned for two weekends in a row. The third step is choosing back up reinforcers. In this case, the children seem very energetic; some backup reinforcers can include an extra long recess, watching a movie, or playing games. Backup reinforcers can help the children to see that they can actually earn rewards for good behavior in addition to waiting to celebrate their party. In this case, in addition to the party prize, if the children go five days in a row obtaining a puzzle piece they will get one of these of the backup reinforcers rewarded. Step four is establishing a ratio of exchange meaning at first, the ratio between the number of tokens and the price of backup items should be small so the learners success is immediate, gradually adjusting the ratio exchange to maintain responsiveness of the children (Cooper, Howard, ; Heron, 2007). Step five is specifying in writing, when and how tokens will be rewarded and what happens if the requirements are not met, basically laying out the rules. We have already established how tokens are earned, but some actions need to be focused on, such as students fighting or acting out, there will be no bonus of the backup reinforcer incentive for that week. Most children like additional recesses or extra incentives and if someone messes that up, they might use peer pressure to stop it from happening again. The last step is conducting a field test before implementation. A few days before starting the token economy, observe the children and tally to see if they would have earned a puzzle piece without actually giving them one and decide if they system is appropriate for the children. Being a parent of three children I know kids like to be rewarded and as a parent we enjoy giving our children treats and rewards for behaving and acting appropriately. They dont have to be anything big, just a little extra perk now and then to thank them for being good and showing our appreciation for behaving. The same principle works for classes, what kid wouldnt behave to receive a pizza party or no homework for a couple weekends? Conclusion Each case used different methods for behavioral modification, I hope that I was able to clearly identify the rationale behind each of the ABA professionals choices, and discuss what they were and how and why they would help each scenario. References Cooper, J. , Heron, T. Howard, W. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd Edition). Upper Saddler River, NJ: Pearson Education. Gast, D. , Doyle, P. , Wolery, M. , Ault, M. , (1991). Assessing the acquisition of incidental information by secondary-age students with mental retardation: comparison of response prompting strategies. American Journal of Mental Retardation. 1991;96:63-80. What is behavioral chaining?. (2011). Retrieved from allsands. com/Health/behavioralchain_vyl_gn. htm

Discuss paul gilroy quote (youth cultural practice) Essay

Discuss paul gilroy quote (youth cultural practice) - Essay Example taken distinguishing local factors as well as histories into account, they hope that they can concur that different youth cultures are by now hosting an influential commitment between these thoughts and the hesitant - micro-political instead of pre-political - appearances that resist them either by asserting difference as well as diversity or by rejoicing the transcendence of different racial and ethnic differences. More new music enlightens how these impacts are reduced into the same gesticulations, the identical delighted moment. For this rationale alone, it seems suitable to look into those cultures for the purpose of plan how rejoinders regarding the new racism as well as its minority complements have developed and also to observe what energies different youth cultures can give way for future resists against the ethnic absolutism, racism as well as nationalism (Gilroy, 1993). According to Gilroy 1993), these above mentioned aspects related to youth cultural practices are leading to the effect where these cultures are emerging as the essential hybrid of different social as well as political forms (Gilroy, 1993). Gilroy’s idea of youth culture, in this context, is closely associated with the observation that different social and political aspects are interrelated with these practices. Different social aspects, such as the degree of social integration between one community and the other and the associated transformation of various social and communal aspects and ideas are regarded as the most important guiding force behind the development of youth cultural practices. In most of the cases, youth cultural practices are guided by the associated norms or rules and regulations of the society under consideration. For instance, the situation where large number of people across the community are taking drugs or are creating significant amount of social nuisance in the locality are most likely to be seen affecting the youth cultural practices within that community.

Conduct, Misconduct and the structure of Science Article

Conduct, Misconduct and the structure of Science - Article Example ?   Properian Falsification, developed by Karl Popper, according to his Ideas, we should only test hypothesis by deducing from it testable prediction. Should the prediction fails to meet expectations or turns out to be false, source hypothesis from which it got deduced maybe considered falsified and must be rejected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Advocates Properian Falsification can define scientific Misconduct as; refusing to make public in advance what sorts of facts would lead one to give up assumption, in ignoring or discarding evidence contrary to ones hypothesis or in introducing ad hoc, content-decreasing modifications in ones theories in order to defend them against refusal. Duhem-Quine problem, the problem with Properian falsification, occurs when we cannot derive some noticeable consequences O from a Hypothesis H getting tested. I don’t agree with this because, according to Proper, it is impossible to conclusively verify a hypothesis, but we cannot conclusively falsify it either. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the author human psychology and social structure put in positively to the scientific progress, how? Human psychology is important as it enables scientists to implicit code of conduct that do encourage them to be a bit dogmatic and allows or permits certain measures of rhetorical exaggeration regarding the advantages of their work. This leads them into defining scientific misconduct as a series of practices that deviate from those accepted by the scientific community. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Authors argue that reputation is a good scientific progress, because it forms a base upon which, some scientists place at least as much weight on the experiment for careful, painstaking work as on the technical details in the experiment in assessing whether the data used constitute a reliable evidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author believes that peer view conducted this way is unlikely to detect instances of intentional misconduct because, the objective judgment lies majorly on

Watching debate video and answer the questions Movie Review

Watching debate video and answer the questions - Movie Review Example In the wake of this, strategy needs to be devised. Be it spying, or preventive measure or any other scheme manifested towards protecting the citizens and the cities makes up for quite a valid point from the debate. The possible misuse of the authority, the too much infiltration of the security agencies into the private lives and activities is a fact and possible fear that makes up for the point of disagreement. Liberty Security, technology and democracy are few of the factors that are stressed for and possibly feared of being violated in the spying process. The overall debate allowed knowing the level of threats faced by the United States of America and the level of work and research invested into the process of spying in order to prevent any mishap and event from happening. The integrated presence and participation of the American top corridors decision makers is another revealing fact with regard to the spying process and grants being granted

Desire to be disabled: Body Integrity Identity Disorder

Desire to be disabled: Body Integrity Identity Disorder Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) is a rare phenomenon in which individuals desire to become disabled through the amputation of fully functioning limbs. BIID is described as the disparity between the individuals perception of their body and the actual form of their physical body (Bayne Levy, 2005). Other psychological disorders and classifications have been linked to BIID, including Gender Identity Disorder, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, and Hypochondriasis. The neurological origins of BIID are unknown at this time, and treatment of this condition through elective amputation is highly controversial. As a clinical audiologist, it is important to recognize symptoms of BIID in patients, as well as being aware of the possible treatment of BIID through vestibular testing. Arguments for and against elective amputation will also be discussed, as well as differential diagnoses of BIID. Audiology and BIID As a clinical audiologist, coming into contact with a patient who has Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) is rare. However, the possibility does exist and it is important to understand the characteristics if one should encounter a BIID patient. The awareness of BIID in the audiology field can come into play concerning treatment of BIID, with one possible option incorporating aspects of vestibular testing. Body Integrity Identity Disorder John first took leftover prescription painkillers and numbed his left foot in ice water to reduce impending pain. He then buried his foot in dry ice for six hours to induce severe frostbite and force surgeons to operate (Adams, 2007). The previous insert from William Lee Adams article, Amputee Wannabes, describes a 33-year-old mans wish for amputation of his foot. There was nothing physically or medically wrong with this limb; John only stated that he did not feel comfortable with his own body and felt as though his foot was not a part of him. After causing severe frostbite to spread throughout his foot, Johns leg was amputated above the knee. Post-surgery, he went on to describe that the operation resolved his anxiety and allowed him to be at ease in his own body (Adams, 2007). What causes someone to desire amputation of a healthy limb? This desire was first reported by French surgeon Jean-Joseph Sue in 1785 (Lawrence, 2006). However, this delusion only began to receive public attention in the early 2000s due to the increase in documented cases. Soon thereafter, a psychiatric condition titled Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID), previously known as Amputee Identity Disorder (AID), became the more favorable diagnosis for these individuals. Currently, it is estimated that only a few thousand people worldwide are afflicted with BIID (Henig, 2005). BIID is described as a disparity between the individuals perception of their body and the actual form of their physical body (Bayne Levy, 2005). A common complaint of these individuals is that the limb is alien and feels as though it is not part of them. Remarkably, those with BIID are often free of psychological issues, outside of their desire for amputation. Many are of normal intelligence, have families, and hold jobs such as lawyers, professors, and doctors (Henig, 2005). So what triggers these seemingly normal individuals to desire amputation? The neurological origins of this disorder are unknown, yet those with BIID share similar backgrounds. Most are exposed to an amputee at a young age, usually before they are 4 years old, and the fascination stems from this encounter. They begin to experience discomfort with their own bodies, and the delusion is full-blown by the time they reach puberty. As the leading BIID researcher at Columbia University, Michael First believes that these individuals encounter an amputee while they are still in the developmental stage in which normal individuals come to accept the existence of their own arms and legs. He believes the sight of an amputee prevents such acceptance (Adams, 2007). Although the neurological cause of BIID is unidentified, many associations have been made between BIID and other psychoses in order to narrow down the diagnosis. Whether this disorder occurs because of a single experience during childhood, or stems from a combination of other psychological conditions, it is important to discuss other closely related diagnoses of BIID. Differential Diagnoses of BIID Some professionals, such as Michael First, have suggested that BIID may involve a similar psychological desire as is seen in Gender Identity Disorder (GID), better known as transsexualism (Lawrence, 2006). GID is a condition in which wrong embodiment is the main concern. More commonly, a male patient feels as though they are a female trapped in a males body. In both BIID and GID, dissatisfaction with ones own body occurs because their body part in question disagrees with their perceived sense of self (MÃ ¼ller, 2009). This displeasure, as well as the desire for amputation, is the commonality of BIID and GID. Similarities also exist between BIID and a condition known as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). The desired outcome of those with BDD is also amputation, but these individuals mistakenly believe that a part of their body is disease-ridden or remarkably ugly. BDD ties in closely to anorexia nervosa, being that they are both delusions based on misguided perceptions of ones own body (Bayne Levy, 2005). On the contrary, the only grounds for amputation for those with BIID revolved around the fact that the body part felt foreign, despite the individuals knowledge that the limb was perfectly healthy. Desiring a Disability Individuals who are suffering with BIID have also been associated with individuals who desire to become disabled, or truly believe they are disabled or sick when they are not. One such disorder is known as Hypochondriasis, with the term hypochondriac being used more often for these individuals. Hypochondriasis is a psychiatric disorder where an individual constantly fears that they have or, at some point, will have a serious disease, even when there is no medical proof or diagnosis (Hypochondriasis, 2002). These individuals misinterpret their physical feelings as symptoms of a serious disease, similarly to those with BIID who misinterpret their healthy body part as not being part of them. Symptoms that hypochondriacs face are also similar to those with BIID, including severe anxiety and depression. Hypochondriacs are not fabricating their symptoms, and become extremely concerned with minor problems such as excessive sweating, dizziness, and occasional tinnitus (Hypochondriasis, 2002) . Hypochondriasis can also be as socially debilitating as BIID, in that it also causes individuals to not function at work or in their daily lives. Another phenomenon associated with the desire to be disabled is known as non-organic hearing loss (NOHL). NOHL is described as responses to a hearing test indicating a deficit greater than can be explained by organic pathology (Austen Lynch, 2004). Some motives for NOHL behavior include monetary and personal gain, such as being involved in a car accident and fabricating a hearing loss as a conjunctive injury. However, not all individuals who are labeled as NOHL are malingering; some truly believe they have a hearing loss, or do not respond to the audiological testing even though their hearing sensitivity is normal. There are also those known as deaf wannabes, who, much like amputee wannabes, desire to belong to a community that is based on the disability or disorder. Deaf wannabes may have grown up in the deaf community, and although they have normal hearing sensitivity, wish to be deaf themselves. Overall, these conditions listed above may or may not be exclusive. An individual may not suffer from desired amputation based solely on the condition of BIID, BDD, or GID alone. Rather, they may suffer from a variety of combinations of these disorders, including Hypochondriasis and NOHL. With NOHL as a possible association, audiologists may be included in the group of professionals who interact and help with the treatment of these patients. That being said, the associations of these disorders and the knowledge that they are closely linked may lead to the best possible diagnosis of individuals who suffer from a desired disability. Arguments in Favor of Healthy Limb Amputation Many individuals who suffer with BIID believe that amputation is the only option. Upon learning of BIID, most people would consider it a psychotic disorder that by no means should be solved through elective amputation. However, the argument for permission of amputation by surgeons has been strongly considered. Individuals with BIID often feel desperate, and if this frustration continues it may lead to dangerous behaviors. These behaviors may include self-inflicted wounds, causing infection of these wounds, and burning a limb to injure it beyond repair in order to provoke amputation. Furthermore, these individuals may go as far as carrying out amputation on their own if a surgeon will not do it. Between 1997 and 1999, elective amputations were allowed in the United Kingdom in order to avoid these hazardous behaviors of individuals with BIID. However, such operations were quickly banned after they caught the attention of the public (Sorene et al., 2006). In order to minimize the harm t hat these individuals may inflict on themselves, amputation of healthy limbs by competent surgeons may be a viable option. Another argument for the amputation of healthy limbs would be that an individual has the right to alter ones body in the pursuit of acceptance and happiness (Jotkowitz Zivotofsky, 2009). Similar to those who undergo cosmetic surgery, as well as those who have had surgery due to Gender Identity Disorder, individuals with BIID are unsatisfied with their physical appearance and desire a change. Although both cosmetic surgery and GID surgery also encounter many arguments against altering ones appearance or gender, they are nationally recognized as an accepted medical practice. If these types of surgery are allowed to improve ones body image, then elective amputations may not be far-removed from these common practices. A final argument for the amputation of healthy limbs is the possible therapeutic effects that may occur post-surgery. Bayne and Levy (2005) describe this argument in four stages: (1) the individual suffers because of their condition; (2) amputation is expected to provide relief from this suffering; (3) less-serious approaches and treatments will not bring about this relief; and (4) the severity of amputation is minimal compared to finding relief of this disorder. Some individuals who are afflicted with BIID have stated that their condition has interfered with their social lives (Bayne Levy, 2005), including their jobs and leisure activities. These individuals do have valid emotions and are truly suffering from an internal crisis, so regardless of the diagnosis of BIID, psychological intervention is necessary. Also, seeing as some BIID individuals go to extreme measures in order to reach liberation from their unwanted limbs, the therapeutic effects may be reason enough to allow healt hy limb amputations. Arguments against Healthy Limb Amputation Without question, the allowance of healthy limb amputations by surgeons would inevitably be met by resistant forces. Society is likely to lead these arguments with feelings of repugnance and disgust. In the case of individuals who have lost limbs from accidents or disease, the thought of amputating a fully functioning limb is appalling. Paddy Rossbach, the president of Amputation Coalition of America, stated that Its very difficult for people who have been through what they consider to be a devastating life experience to understand why anybody would want to mutilate himself in this way, (Henig, 2005). Others who suffered unwanted amputation often say that the existence of BIID diminishes what they have been going through emotionally. Desired amputation will meet public disdain, and those who have experienced unwanted amputation will undoubtedly be at the forefront. An additional argument against healthy limb amputations is the life-threatening consequences of such operations. According to MÃ ¼ller (2009), the principle of nonmaleficence states that physicians should not perform amputations without medical necessity. Such amputations often have severe consequences besides causing the individual to be disabled, including infection, phantom pains, thrombosis, paralysis, and necrosis (MÃ ¼ller, 2009). Furthermore, such operations may not be successful at bringing about the desired relief. In some cases, desire for a new amputation of a previously accepted limb may follow the first operation (Hilti Brugger, 2010). Amputation causes irreversible damage that may not heal properly, and if the operation is not justified based on life-saving measures, permission of such operations may never be accepted. Possible Treatment: Vestibular Caloric Testing? A final argument against healthy limb amputations is the possibility of vestibular caloric stimulation as a treatment option for BIID. Although the neurological cause of BIID is unknown, one speculation is the involvement of the right parietal lobe. Evidence of somatoparaphrenia, or the belief that part of ones own body is not their own, has been documented in cases of right parietal lobe stroke patients (MÃ ¼ller, 2009). Neuroscientists Vilayanur Ramachandran and Paul McGeoch suggested that the right parietal lobe may also be involved in BIID patients, with supportive evidence that most who desire amputation show a left-side preference, as well as an emotional rejection of their unwanted limb (MÃ ¼ller, 2009). The speculation that vestibular caloric stimulation (specifically left-ear cold water irrigation) may be a treatment option for BIID is based on its known temporary treatment of somatoparaphrenia. Benefits of caloric stimulation over amputation include less-expensive treatme nt, lack of side effects, and immediate results showing if the treatment is working or not (Ryan, 2009). Overall, a trial of vestibular caloric stimulation should be the first step in treatment of BIID, and a clinical audiologist would perform this type of testing. For this reason, knowledge of BIID and the expertise to deal with these types of patients is important for audiologists to understand. Although caloric testing has not been proven to relieve BIID patients of their suffering, and the effects on bodily awareness may disappear as soon as the caloric stimulation has stopped, it is a less drastic approach that has been speculated to be successful. In Conclusion The limited knowledge of BIID as a valid psychological condition, as well as causes and treatments, is a barrier to finding some sort of relief for these individuals. Whether or not elective amputation is the solution for patients with BIID, the drastic decision to remove ones limb forever should not be made until more is known regarding BIID. Regardless of the background and probable causes of this disorder, individuals are still suffering daily from the notion that a body part is not their own. Intervention is necessary for BIID patients, whether it be vestibular testing by an audiologist, or other therapeutic remedies. Physicians should perform a thorough diagnostic evaluation when encountering a patient with BIID. Prior to causing irreversible damage to that individuals body, other treatment options and therapy should be researched.

The anecdotes A Good Man is Hard to Find and The Comforts of Home will

The anecdotes A Good Man is Hard to Find and The Comforts of Home will be examined with respect to color Flannery O’Conner – Color Connotations The anecdotes A Good Man is Hard to Find and The Comforts of Home will be examined with respect to color connotation and imagery. This essay will discuss how colors affect the reader’s abstract senses and emotions. Colors are also used to suggest the nature of the piece and characters within. Various cultures perceive colors differently which could change a reader’s perspective. A Good Man is Hard to Find is told from the grandmother’s point of view. The first significant color is describing her son’s wife. â€Å"†¦ a young woman is slacks, whose face was as broad and innocent as a cabbage and was tied around with a green head-kerchief that had two points on top like rabbit’s ears.† The use of this color is ambiguous. It could be construed as either positive or negative. The positive is that it may be suggesting the woman’s youth, fertility and vigor. The negative connotation is the grandmother’s jealousy and envy towards her youthfulness. There is apparent animosity between the two. When the grandmother suggests visiting Tennessee â€Å"The children’s mother didn’t seem to hear her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The grandmother never speaks directly to the mother. She repeatedly refers to the woman’s attire with a definite manner of superiority. â€Å"[The next day] the children’s mother still had on slacks and still had her head tied up in a green kerchief, but the grandmother had on a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress with small white dots in the print. Her collars and cuffs with white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had... ...the color yellow appears. â€Å"[The dog] opened one yellow eye, took him in, and closed it again.† This indicates and Thomas’s cowardice and avarice. He is greedy because he wants his house and mother’s attention. Violence shortly ensues. Black is related to Sarah twice; although there is only one reference to black regarding Thomas. Thrice were both characters correlated with red, demonstrating they mutually played a role in the death of the mother. Colors are in effect word-pictures which work by a method of association. Images and emotions are created when readers make connotations of colors within the text. In United States of America, white is a representation of purity, peace, cleanliness, innocence and marriage; however, in China, white is symbolic of mourning and death. Universally, blue has the fewest negative connotations across various cultures.

Psychoanalytic Explanation For Mood Disorders (Depression And Bipolar Disorder)

Freud's explanation of depression focuses on the idea of loss – that the root cause of all depression lies in the loss of something loved, whether it is a person or an object. Lowry (1984) added that this loss can be real or imaginary. However, some may question what separates the overwhelming sadness caused by, say, the death of a loved one, and depression? The psychoanalytic approach fails to answer this. In PJ Clayton's study, widows and widowers were studied for a year after the death of their spouses.While depression brought about by the death of a loved one is excluded as being a depressive episode by most psychologists, Clayton found that 45% of his subjects fit the criteria for diagnosis of depression. In reaction to the loss, Freud believed the depressive then develops feelings of self hatred, and begins to blame themselves for the loss. Freud also believed feelings of self hatred develop from the depressive's thoughts about unresolved conflicts which have often been repressed to the unconscious.Psychoanalytic explanations find it especially difficult to explain the cyclical nature of bipolar disorder, and mood disorders such as SAD and post natal depression; they only seem to have an explanation for depression. Melanie Klein, a post Freudian, claims that whether an individual loses his or her self esteem depends on the quality of the individual's relationship as an infant with his or her mother during the first year of life.If an individual doesn't have positive experiences with his or her mother during the first year of life, then a predisposition of depression may be planted. This also links in with the ideas of theorists such as Bowlby. There is research to back this up, linking adverse early experiences to greater likelihood of developing a mood disorder later in life e. g.Foltyn et al (1998) who found in a study of Polish medical students that 25% of examined students had depression symptoms and that these students were exposed significant ly more frequently to early negative experiences than students without depression. However, the approach has been criticised for being too deterministic. How do we explain how some individuals who have experienced trauma and separation in early childhood don't develop depression and go on to lead happy, normal lives, as shown in various case studies?Freud also believed that too many positive experiences during the first year of life (oral stage) could set an individual up for developing depression later on in life. He believed that if a child is nurtured too much – over indulged – as an infant; they could become fixated at the oral stage. The individual may develop problems later in adult life because he or she is used to receiving excessive amounts of attention as a child and perhaps not as much in adult life, so may feel rejected, unloved, and thus become depressed.A lot of the psychoanalytic explanation is very difficult to test empirically. Freud's stages of psycho sexual development occur at an unconscious level, which makes it difficult to test. Psychoanalytic explanations give insufficient weight to the role of biological factors in the development of mood disorders. The evidence regarding genetic factors, the role of neurochemicals and the effectiveness of anti-depressant drugs, appears to be ignored by psychoanalysts.A key strength to the psychoanalytic approach is that they claim their therapy targets the underlying causes of the disorder, which other treatments don't do. They claim that biological treatments, such as drugs and ECT, treat the symptoms not the underlying causes; they simply mask of disguise the underlying problems. Psychoanalytic treatments tackle those problems which are usually rooted in some significant and on going psychological problem which has its origins on early experiences – perhaps making it more effective.

children charged as adults essays

children charged as adults essays Bobby is an eight-year-old boy that loves to play baseball and performs well in his academics at school. He was awarded the prestigious camper of the week during the summer, and is the class pet feeder at his elementary school. He lives in a modern suburban community where there is little crime, and is raised by a well caring family. One day, Bobby was playing the game hide-and-go-seek with his friend Ryan inside bobbys house. Playing the game, Bobby ran to hide upstairs while Ryan counted silently to himself. Bobby ran to his parents bedroom. Briskly trying to find the perfect hiding spot around the room he located the walk-in closet. He ran to the cosset and situated himself in the corner. Looking down, Bobby found his fathers handgun. The brown gun was heavy and had a black handle. Thinking the gun was one of his own, he held it upward pointing it toward the door as if it was his play toy. Bobbys best friend ryan walked in the parents bedroom. Not knowing the gun was real bobby pu lls the trigger. BAM! The gun went off with an intense sound. His friend Ryan was hit and falls rapidly to the floor. Like Bobby, thousands of children in America commit crimes each year. Although children commit crime every year, children under the age of 15 should not be convicted as an adult. Charging a child as an adult is wrong. If a child does not have the judgment to drive at 15, to vote, or to go into the military at 15, then why should courts declare that he has the wisdom and judgment to understand the nature and consequences of murder at 15? It is astonishing how many children are convicted as adults. 200,000 juveniles are criminally charged as adults every year1. Moreover, More than 160 children under the age of 18 have been sentenced to death since 19732. Therefore, in my opinion charging children as an adult is a wrong idea. The United States Supreme Court has ruled, in cases involving ret...

Story of Blima Outline Essays

Story of Blima Outline Essays Story of Blima Outline Paper Story of Blima Outline Paper Bethany S. Reading 050 11/29/11 The Story of Blima: A Holocaust Survivor I. Before the Storm A. Blima’s personality 1. Known as best child; smart 2. Works at bakery with Aunt 3. Embarrassed about chest B. Blima’s guilt 1. At 6 years old dropped baby brother, Zalman, and he died when 2 months old 2. Mother is very forgiving C. Blima’s vanity 1. Thinks she’s not pretty like her sister, Adele 2. Mother says Blima looks most like herself D. Grandfathers death 1. Cat, Masha, lies at feet of grandfather; she senses disaster 2. Blima comforts mother E. Blima’s difficulties 1. Loses favorite shoes . Faints at grandfathers funeral; doesn’t like being center of attention II. Darkness Falls A. The nightmare begins 1. Going home early from working at bakery because business isn’t good 2. On way home Nazis kidnap her 3. Last time she saw her mother B. Traveling to labor camp 1. Walking with group; links arm with girl who falls 2. Secretly gets twig s to munch on 3. Shoved into cattle car 4. Finds friend, Clara, who was schoolmate 5. Tries not to faint; looks at other peoples shoes to distract herself C. No longer Blima 1. German woman commandant takes coat off along with jewelry 2. Hair is shaved; clothes are changed to white blouse and black skirt 3.. Shoes changed to wooden ones 4. Five-digit number tattooed to arm, no longer Blima, but a number ~ 44703 D. First day of labor camp 1. Woken at 4am for roll call 2. Taken to factory to work 3. Says she can work to avoid gas chamber 4. Gizella secretly helps Blima with machine E. Gizella 1. Helps her by giving her food 2. Tells Blima that she will be her mother F. Transported 1. After three years is taken to another camp 2. Finds sister-in-law, Ruschia G. Trying to stay alive 1. The stench of the dead is unbearable; lots of sickness . British generals come to their rescue III. Daylight A. Blima is alive 1. Knows she is alive 2. Freed; Red Cross brings food B. Reunions and disappointments 1. Everybody is looking for somebody 2. Ruschia’s husband, Victor, is alive 3. Blima’s younger brother, Kalman, is alive C. A new chance, a renewal of life 1. Victor finds Ruschia and Blima 2. On the Jewish New Year they wear a prayer shawl that means: a new chance, a renewal of life. 3. They praise God for keeping them alive D. Searching 1. Victor looks for Kalman – no hope 2. Victor looks again but brings Ruschia along – they find him . Blima receives note from woman who lived with Gizella E. Blima searches for Gizella 1. She visits the woman, Frau Danhaus, who gave her the note 2. She found out a rumor that Gizella was taken by Nazi guards and was shot for helping a Jew, Blima F. Chiel 1. Ruschia and Victor want Blima to marry 2. A cousin of theirs knows of Chiel who is alone 3. Chiel visits Blima and they share stories of what happened to them in the labor camps G. Blima’s future 1. She marries Chiel the same month she was taken and freed – April 2. Moves to America with Chiel; has a son and daughter

Current Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Current Technology - Assignment Example The main purpose of service packs is that they help from security breaches like network intrusion, viruses, Trojan horses, and etcetera. To set up Wi-Fi, you first need a broadband internet connection which is a high speed connection, very fast as compared to a dial-up connection using a telephone line. Then, you need a modem. For a wireless network, a cable modem is recommended which is a device that enables high speed internet connectivity. Afterwards, you would need a wireless router, that is, a device that will facilitate the flow of data traffic between all the PCs that are to be networked together (see Figure 1). Most laptops today have built-in wireless network adaptors which save one from buying an external adapter. Now, let’s explain how Wi-Fi works. The user should have the cable modem and the router hooked up to the wall. The modem is to be connected to the broadband internet connection, and the wireless router is to be connected to the modem (see Figure 2). The use r will have to plug one end of the network cable, that came with the router, to the WLAN port of the router, and the other end to the modem. This is how the modem and router get connected. After the cable is plugged into the router, then to confirm if it has fruitfully connected to the modem, they should see the WLAN mark on the router. If it has lighten up, that means the user has done it. Now, the wireless router needs to be configured properly. First of all, the user needs to connect his PC to the router just temporarily using the network cable that came with the router, in any one of the wired ports on the router other than the WLAN port. He should, after turning on the PC and opening a page in the internet explorer, type in the address of the router in the address bar. He can get this address from the instruction manual he must have got from the router’s vendor. A dialog box will appear that will demand username and password. This also can be searched from the manual. Af ter the password has been created, he will be directed to the router’s configuration page. The things that necessarily need to be configured are creating a distinctive name for the wireless network, enabling WPE2 encryption for network intrusion detection, and creating an administrative password. This will help him save his network from unauthorized access. After saving the changes, the router’s configuration is completed. He, then, needs to unplug the PC from the router. The PC will either automatically detect the router if it has a built-in wireless network adapter, or the user will have to configure the external network adapter by inserting the CD that came with it. The user will go to the wireless network icon in the icon tray located at the bottom right corner of the computer screen, select connect to the network, click on the name of the router, and get connected. The router will transmit information through the modem over to the internet. Wherever the user takes his PC, he will be wirelessly connected to the router. There will be no need to keep stuck at one place because there will be no wires connected to the PC. 3. Advantages First of all, the greatest advantage is that the user does not have to get stuck in bundles of wires, since Wi-Fi is a wireless

The Political and Economic Integration of Europe Essay

The Political and Economic Integration of Europe - Essay Example hors explain that this association has been serving a significant function in strengthening a particular level of cohesion among the dominant social institutions in Europe. This essay will discuss explain the level of integration of the EU in terms of economy and politics. Political and Economic Facts of the European Integration Of primary importance to this subject matter has been the task performed by the petty bourgeoisie. Vassilis Pesmazoglou and Antigone Lyberaki study just a sector of this social level, the small- and medium-sized industrialists of the business sector, emphasising the position that the examination of this group should be situated within wider macroeconomic developments (Dinan 2006). The intention at this point is to analyse the diversity of initiatives and policy proposals related to the continuation and propagation of small- and medium-sized businesses, both as a reaction to the depression and as a way of surpassing it. Having elaborated the most prominent cur rent theoretical paradigm for small and medium- sized businesses, the researchers then analyse the information at hand, contending more particularly with concerns regarding work conditions, compensation, and employment production, as well as the operation of business districts (O’Brennan 2006). Their claim is that the context of the EU provides some relevant ideas regarding the policy matters concerned in the reinforcement of smaller organisations. Nevertheless, the authors argue that small- and medium-sized businesses within the EU will confront some challenging difficulties, such as competition with and adjustment to bigger companies, corporations, and multinationals (Dinan 2006). This discussion about the petty bourgeoisie will demonstrate how the group serves as a contributing force... This paper provides a comprehensive review of the ongoing process of political and economic integration in Europe from different perspectives, using different studies by economists on the subject. A significant gap exists between the peripheral and the central regions of Europe, in all three political economic segments.In the agricultural sector, the South mirrors developing nations more than developed ones. The manufacturing segment also verifies this dualism, with the fact that the North has a lead in the accumulation of human capital, whereas the South focuses in resource-exhaustive goods and services Ultimately, in the service area the South and the North encounter qualitative disparities, particularly in commercial services. These structural gaps have a tendency to orient the drive and the makeup of the capitalist class in the EU. The political parties of Europe express and voice out political, economic, and social interests mostly within the institutionalised instrument of the European Parliament. The functions and duties of the EP, and alongside those of its political parties, have altered remarkably since the late 1970s, when the initial Euro-elections took place. The mutual relationship between the EP and the parties has become more and more substantial, and become one of the attributes of institutional growth throughout the 1990s An issue which has been studied in the EU is the manner social interests are voiced and manifested. Social interests are articulated at the political stage through political parties.