Summer Survival for Parents of Children With ADHD

Summer Survival for Parents of Children With ADHD ADHD Parenting Print Summer Survival for Parents of Children With ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Tommy Wong / Flickr Summer means warm weather, splashing in the pool, vacations and time off from the pressures of school. But for many parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), summertime can also be stressful because the kids are home. ADHD Summer Survival Tips Sometimes, people think about ADHD as only affecting school and academics. For some kids with ADHD, this may be the predominant area in which they experience challenges, but it is much more common that ADHD affects all aspects of life, including home life and family interactions. If you are a parent of a child with ADHD, here are some ideas for making the summer months less stressful, more productive and fun for you, your child and the whole family! 1. Structure Your Childs Day The school day provides your child with a regular routine that is fairly predictable in terms of the daily schedule. But when school is out for the summer your childs day may be wide open unless you create a new routine. Kids with ADHD benefit from the external structure that a routine provides. When their environment is organized, predictable and supportive, they have an easier time managing symptoms and regulating their behaviors. When developing the summer schedule, start by setting consistent wake-up times, snack/meal times and bedtimes for your children. Fill the schedule with fun and interesting activities. Children with ADHD can get bored very easily, and boredom is often a gateway to trouble as he or she tries to create some stimulation â€" or mischief. Keep in mind, however, that all children need downtime, too, so plan those times each day as well. When you are creating the summer schedule tailor it to your childs interests and needs. Try to plan activities in which your child gets sometimes for interacting with peers. Make sure all your kids get outside (with sunscreen) to play and engage in lots of physical activity. If your child can swim, the pool is a great outlet for exercise in the summer. Make sure your child is involved in the planning of activities. Get out a big calendar and have fun filling in the schedule together. Write the summer schedule out on the calendar and post it in an easily visible spot in your home so both of you can see what each day will bring. 2. Plan Academic Activities to Avoid the Summer Slide When developing your childs summer schedule, be sure to include times for academic learning opportunities and practice. It is so easy to go through the summer and forget about school, but children will lose academic growth â€" particularly in math and reading skills â€" over the summer (known as the summer slide) if they do not engage in educational activities. What makes this doubly important for kids with ADHD is that many of them also have accompanying learning disabilities. They can quickly lose academic gains without practice and repetition. So, schedule regular academic activities at home with reading and math to help your child maintain his or her educational level and to provide continuity and enrichment over the summer. Talk with your childs teacher and ask for suggestions and recommendations tailored to your childs educational needs. Because the rest of the year can be so busy with school, homework, sports or other after-school activities, many families find that summer is a good time to schedule formal academic tutoring lessons to help with specific learning issues. Be sure to make the educational time fun! Build in reward systems to help keep your child motivated. Schedule this time during the morning or whenever your child is freshest and most focused. Use this time to help bolster your childs academic skills and self-confidence. 3. Summer Camp Options You may find that having your child involved in a summer camp program helps structure his or her day and provides additional opportunities for fun, socializing, learning and success. When thinking about summer camps, keep in mind your childs needs. There are quite a few summer camps and treatment programs designed specifically for children with ADHD. If your child experiences marked problems in social interactions with peers, or if he or she is very impulsive and needs a good behavior management system, one of these specialty camps may be a good fit. 4. Choosing a Medication Break If your child is on medication to help manage symptoms of ADHD, there is often a question about whether or not to give the child a break over the summer months. The answer should be unique to the child. ADHD is a pervasive disorder that does not go away over the summer. Most children continue to experience challenging impairments in attention and mental focus, self-control, working memory, organization, time management, problem-solving and regulation of emotions  â€" whether or not the school is in session. Symptoms of ADHD, however, can affect each child in very individual ways. For some kids, the symptoms may be on the milder side or the child may struggle primarily with inattention in the educational setting. Perhaps this child does not experience any significant issues around peer and family relationships. For some children, a medication break or a lowering of the medication dose over the summer may make sense. On the other hand, ADHD does tend to affect all aspects of a childs life â€" getting along with others; following through with tasks; being able to stop and think through situations before reacting; the ability to maintain self-control and inhibit behaviors; to read social situations; follow through with directions; delay gratification, and just get through the day in a productive and positive way. If you are traveling over the summer on family vacations or if your child is attending camp or is involved in activities that require him or her to maintain focus, control his or her body, manage transitions, frustrations and emotions, and relate positively with peers â€" and your child is on medication that helps him or her to do this â€" then a medication break may not be in his or her best interest over the summer. If these areas are challenging for your child during the school year, they will continue to create the same challenges over the summer. Work together with your childs doctor to sort out the best approach to summer medication decisions. If there are side effects that you are worried about, and you have been hesitant to make those changes during the school year, communicate and plan with the doctor. The summer might be a good time to make those tweaks, adjustments or even medication changes as long as you can carefully monitor the situation to determine the effectiveness of treatment approaches.

Megalania - Facts and Figures

Name: Megalania (Greek for giant roamer); pronounced MEG-ah-LANE-ee-ah Habitat: Plains of Australia Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-40,000 years ago) Size and Weight: Up to 25 feet long and 2 tons Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; powerful jaws; splayed legs About Megalania Aside from crocodiles, very few prehistoric reptiles after the age of dinosaurs achieved enormous sizes--one notable exception being Megalania, also known as the Giant Monitor Lizard. Depending on whose reconstruction you believe, Megalania measured anywhere from 12 to 25 feet from head to tail and weighed in the neighborhood of 500 to 4,000 pounds--a wide discrepancy, to be sure, but one that would still put it in a heftier weight class than the largest lizard alive today, the Komodo Dragon (a relative lightweight at only 150 pounds). Even though it was discovered in southern Australia, Megalania was described by the famous English naturalist Richard Owen, who in 1859 also created its genus and species name (Megalania prisca, Greek for great ancient roamer). However, modern paleontologists believe that the Giant Monitor Lizard should properly be classified under the same genus umbrella as modern monitor lizards, Varanus. The result is that professionals refer to this giant lizard as Varanus priscus, leaving it to the public to wield the nickname Megalania. Paleontologists speculate that Megalania was the apex predator of Pleistocene Australia, feasting at leisure on mammalian megafauna like Diprotodon (better known as the Giant Wombat) and Procoptodon (the Giant Short-Faced Kangaroo). The Giant Monitor Lizard would have been relatively immune from predation itself unless it happened to spar with two other predators that shared its late Pleistocene territory: Thylacoleo, the Marsupial Lion, or the Quinkana, a 10-foot-long, 500-pound crocodile. (Given its splay-legged posture, it seems unlikely that Megalania could have outrun more fleet-footed mammalian predators, especially if these furry assassins decided to gang up for the hunt.) One interesting fact about Megalania is that its the largest identified lizard ever to have lived on our planet. If that makes you do a double-take, remember that Megalania technically belongs to the order Squamata, placing it on an entirely different branch of evolution than plus-sized prehistoric reptiles like dinosaurs, archosaurs, and therapsids. Today, Squamata is represented by close to 10,000 species of lizards and snakes, including Megalanias modern descendants, the monitor lizards. Megalania is one of the few giant Pleistocene animals the demise of which cant be traced directly to early humans; the Giant Monitor Lizard was probably doomed to extinction by the disappearance of the gentle, herbivorous, oversized mammals that early Australians preferred to hunt instead. (The first human settlers arrived on Australia about 50,000 years ago.) Since Australia is such a huge and uncharted landmass, there are some people who believe that Megalania still lurks in the interior of the continent, but there isnt a shred of evidence to support this view!

Archetypes In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight - 829 Words

Archetypes can be found in most literary work, especially in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight most characters or objects served to aid in the development of the hero by being either a situational, character, color, or a symbol archetype. The poem begins with a challenge being presented to the knights of the Round Table by the Green Knight. While seeing that no one else will accept the challenge, putting Camelot’s honor at stake, Gawain accepts and then realizes that in a year they must meet again and the Green Knight will return the blow that Gawain gave to him. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight dramatically demonstrates how a single character can play many archetypal roles. In Sir Gawain and the Green†¦show more content†¦The ultimate boon is the girdle that was given to Gawain by the Host’s wife. On the third day that Gawain is staying with the Host he is given a green girdle by the Host’s wife that is said to protect the person wearing it; knowing that he will meet with the Green Knight the next day, he selfishly keeps the girdle without telling the Host. The next day Gawain meets with the Green Knight to complete the challenge that was presented to him in the beginning of the poem. However, since the Green Knight knows that Gawain broke the deal with the Host he cuts Gawain on the third swing of his sword. The three swings symbolize the three days Gawain stayed at the castle. The first two swings dont touch him because he kept his part of the deal. On the third swing he is cut, this symbolizes the third day when he keeps the girdle and breaks his part of the deal. The author utilizes colors to aid in the development of Gawain’s character: â€Å"Then they brought him his shield, which was of bright red, †¦ gleaming gold† (Weston 12). The red that Gawain wears symbolizes the passion that he shows toward the deal he made with the Green Knight. The gold symbolizes values and nobility two things that Gawain holds to a high standard. Another character whose colors stand out are the Green Knight’s he wears green and gold. The green represents the amount of envy that King Arthurs sisterShow MoreRelatedArchetypes In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight773 Words   |  4 PagesArchetypes are utilized to analyze the common patterns of human nature in literature and major motion pictures. In the poem Sir Gawain and The Green Knight, Gawain accepts the challenge the Green Knight has to offer and goes on a quest to redeem the honor of Camelot. The Green Knight teaches Gawain a lesson which changes his values. A number of archetypal sit uations occur in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight that serve to promote Gawain’s moral development. The Green Knight makes his first appearanceRead MoreArchetypes In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1100 Words   |  5 PagesIn almost any story, whether novel or poem, lies a hero. Depending on the path, a variety of archetypes usually accompany the hero. The Merriam Webster dictionary defines â€Å"archetype† as â€Å"the original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies.† Joseph Campbell’s A Hero With A Thousand Faces introduces the common archetypes often found in various pieces of literature, explaining â€Å"The parallels will be immediately apparent; and these will develop a vast andRead MoreTheme Of Archetypes In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight864 Words   |  4 Pagesfollow Archetypes. The concept of Archetypes presents itself in Joseph Campbells’, Hero with a Thousand Faces. Campbell’s book goes the extra mile describing/explaining how Archetypes come into action throughout the journey of the her o detailing how â€Å"The archetypes to be discovered and assimilated are precisely those that have inspired, throughout the annals of human culture, the basic images of ritual, mythology, and vision†(Campbell 41). One story, in particular a poem, arises in Sir Gawain and theRead MoreExamples Of Archetypes In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1223 Words   |  5 Pagesin today’s culture, we become more and more aware of the archetypes that surround us. Archetypes are the works of a typical character, situation, setting, or symbol that can be found in fantasy and reality. An example would be the renowned medieval story Sir Gawain and the Green Knight by Pearl Poet. The author permeates the story with situational, symbolic, and character archetypes that illustrate the profound life of Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain was apprehensive of his journey at first, but as time passesRead MoreTheme Of Archetypes In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight768 Words   |  4 PagesThe archetypes that are prevalent in many different stories all have have common origin in Joseph Campbells Hero With a Thousand Faces. More specifically, in the medieval story, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, there are distinct archetypes that are especially necessary to the theme of the story.An understanding of three key archetypes—the temptress the magic weapon, and the task—reveal the essence of Gawain’s role within the archetypal quest motif. To begin, the temptress archetype is an archetypeRead MoreThe Truth Behind the Knight: the Presence of Archetypes in Sir Gawain the Green Knight2908 Words   |  12 PagesThe Truth Behind the Knight: The Presence of Archetypes in Sir Gawain the Green Knight In the medieval story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, we are introduced to a young man, who, like many of young men, is trying to discover himself and travel through his rite of passage. He is trying to figure out who he is in life, and while in his journey, passes through many phases that mold him into one of the great Knights of the Round Table that old King Arthur wanted to serve with him. These phasesRead MoreArchetypal Conflicts In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight785 Words   |  4 Pagesmonomyth archetypes, it becomes apparent to one what common patterns are found when following along with the hero’s journey. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, readers follow Gawain on his quest to redeem the honor of his community. A number of archetypal situations occur to Sir Gawain and serve to promote Gawain’s conflicts, character, and theme development. Throughout Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, many conflicts rise to the surface as the medieval story, portraying a prideful knight and hisRead MoreArchetypal Characters In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight : Character Analysis1143 Words   |  5 Pagesmiddle ages of literature, a story such as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight had many aspects of Joseph Campbell’s view of the hero’s journey. In the story of our character Sir Gawain accepts a â€Å"Call to adventure† (Campbell 45) and goes on a quest that will go through many of the archetypes. Likewise, there lies one character, The Green Knight, that can be many of the archetypal characters in the cycle of the hero’s journey. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight dramatically demonstrates how a single characterRead MoreThe Role Of Women In Literature1587 Words   |  7 Pages When people are going through events in his or her life they look for a way to express or find something that relates to the feelings that they have. Majority of the time these feelings are expressed through literature. An example is the archetypes that can be found throughout literature. In the British Middle Ages, the people were grouped into different social classes using the feudal system. Society was mainly broken into two separate groups, the nobles, and the peasants. However, there was alsoRead MoreComparing Beowulf And Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, both reflect attributes of loyalty, specifically the testing of one’s loyalty and the consequences of disloyalty, which reflect the behavior and values shared by the Anglo-Saxons and the people of the Late Medieval era. When analyzing loyalty in both of these works one will see that one’s own self-worth turns loyalty into selfishness to save oneself rather than risking one’s life for the sake of the community. Joseph Campbell outlined archetypes in his Hero

Discuss the Effect of Islam upon West Africa Essay Free Essays

Change Over Time Essay Assignment # 1The camel. with its ability to go long distances without H2O and carry heavy tonss. facilitated trans-Saharan communicating. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the Effect of Islam upon West Africa Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the 7th and 8th centuries CE. Islamic vanquishers had added North Africa to the dar al-Islam. By the terminal of the 8th century CE. Muslim merchandisers had crossed the Sahara and initiated commercial dealingss with Sub-Saharan West Africa and by the beginning of the 2nd millenary. Islam had become entrenched in West African life. Islam dramatically changed West Africa culturally. politically. and economically in the clip period between 1000 CE and 1750 CE. but many basics of West African society remained the same. Economically. Islam ushered a new epoch of economic prosperity into West Africa. The acceptance of Islam by West African provinces provided them with common land upon which provinces such as Mali greatly expanded their gold trade to embrace Arab and Mediterranean states. Established Muslim trade paths facilitated the immense addition in the volume of African trade. Commercial metropoliss sprung up across West Africa. with commercialism increasing Timbuktu’s population to 100. 000. In the 12th century. Muslim merchandisers introduced cotton. rice. and citrus fruits to West Africa ; by the 16th century cotton was the chief fabric produced in West Africa. European demand for cotton fabrics ensured that West Africa would stay economically comfortable. Muslim merchandisers expanded the African break one’s back trade to a Continental degree. supplying Europeans with a model upon which to construct the ruinous Atlantic slave trade. replacing little graduated table tribal bondage with immense province economic systems built wholly around capturing slaves and selling them to foreign states. However. despite these immense alterations in economic methods and volume. West African provinces relied to a great extent upon trade as the rule signifier of economic support throughout periods of Islamic influence. The addition in trade with Islamic merchandisers between 1000 and 1750 led to the pervasion of Muslim civilization among West African peoples. Islamic swayers built big mosques and universities where people could larn about Islam. every bit good as other countries of cognition. These universities spread literacy within West African society. Islam was by and large tolerant of traditional values. such as polygamy. This allowed it greater popularity than Christianity. and decreased opposition to transition. Islam was non forced upon citizens by their male monarchs. but instead was voluntarily encouraged. Despite this. many people adopted Islam. particularly those who interacted with Muslim merchandisers. However. many of those who adopted Islam did non follow Islam in its original signifier. but instead combined it with traditional spiritual beliefs to make a syncretistic faith. There was much societal convulsion among purists. such as the Fulani. and those who practiced syncretistic Is lam. Despite the big Islamic influence in the country. many chose non to follow a syncretistic religion and instead kept their traditional beliefs. The integrating of Islamic civilization into West Africa. every bit good as the economic prosperity that Islamic trade brought West Africa. led to the creative activity of big centralised provinces. As opposed to the little lands. such as the land of Ghana. that the first Islamic merchandisers encountered in West Africa. by the 15th century two big centralized imperiums had emerged. Muslim influence played a big portion in the creative activity of these big imperiums. First. the gross created by integrating of West Africa into Islamic trade allowed West African swayers to make and back up big standing ground forcess. These ground forcess ensured that these imperiums could protect their peoples and beginnings of income. every bit good as exert their influence. Second. Islamic jurisprudence. known as Shari’a. introduced to West Africa allowed for incorporate regulation. Previously. changing tribal Torahs had caused upset and atomization. every bit good as discontent. Islamic jurisprudence facilitated and demanded the creative activity of big centralised imperiums. However. Islam itself did non needfully go the sole faith of these imperiums ; many. so most. citizens of these imperiums clung to and practise their traditional heathen spiritual beliefs. Following the prostration of these two imperiums. West African political construction returned to the little regional lands that had been West African norm before Muslim merchandisers crossed the Sahara. Overall. the Islam greatly. sometimes even wholly. changed cultural. political. and economic environments in West Africa between 1000 CE and 1750 CE. Examples of this alteration include the debut of centralised lands. trans-Saharan trade. and Muslim values. Despite this great alteration. many elements of West African society. such as popular faith. dependance on trade. and basic values remained the same despite Muslim influence up through 1750 CE. Near the terminal of that period. Africa began to be colonized by European states. and fell under European influence. 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Noras secret Essay Example

Noras secret Essay Movement and gestures were pivotally used throughout this performance and its success varied with each character. For example, Mrs. Linde (Jennifer Hennessey) did not use effective movement to demonstrate her characters persona. In my opinion I interpreted the role of Mrs. Linde, when reading A Dolls House, as being quite strong and self-liberated, yet in the performance she was interpreted as quite weak in the way she spoke, and Hennessey did not use vivid movements to support this distinct interpretation. However, movement was used exceptionally by Helmer (Ian Dunn) in the use of body language, gestures and stance. My interpretation of the character Helmer was that of a spoilt boy trapped in a grown mans body and I believe that Dunn captured this perfectly through his boyish walk and his mannerisms used when in Noras company. OVERALL IMPRESSION THE PRODUCTION WAS TRYING TO CONVEY Doll s Houses is considered one of the most controversial plays of its era and even in present day, its main themes and sub-meanings are still very much pivotal in daily life. The production I went to see in the Southwark Playhouse used this mentality in showing that a womans struggle for self-liberation is as real, necessary and challenging today as it was in Ibsens time. For my part, the director (Thea Sharrock) was trying create a microcosm of the feminist movement in the play. Sharrock also drew attention to how easily the human train of thought can morph from one mindset into another and this was shown by the way Nora stood frozen with a perplexed look upon her face during the last fragment of the play, which greatly contrasted the giddy and childish, fidgety manner Nora had during the beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on Noras secret specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Noras secret specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Noras secret specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Over the course of the performance, appearances prove to be misleading veneers that mask the reality of the plays characters and situations. My first impressions of Nora, Torvald, and Krogstad ere all eventually undercut. Nora initially seemed a silly, childish woman, but as the play progressed, I saw that she is intelligent, motivated, and, by the plays conclusion, a strong-willed, independent thinker. Torvald, though he plays the part of the strong, benevolent husband, reveals himself to be cowardly, petty, and selfish when he fears Krogstad may expose him to scandal. Krogstad too reveals himself to be a much more sympathetic and merciful character than he first appears to be. The plays climax was largely a matter of resolving identity confusion-we see Krogstad as a lover, Nora as an intelligent, brave woman, and Torvald as a simpering, sad man, which was all a part of proving the true possibility of breaking lose from an autocratic society. Situations too are misinterpreted both by the audience and by the characters through clever use of dramatic irony. The seeming hatred between Mrs. Linde and Krogstad turns out to be love. Noras creditor turns out to be Krogstad and not, as the audience and Mrs. Linde suppose, Dr. Rank. And the seemingly villainous Krogstad repents and returns Noras contract to her, while the seemingly kind-hearted Mrs. Linde ceases to help Nora and forces Torvalds discovery of Noras secret. The instability of appearances within the Torvald household during the performances end results from Torvalds devotion to image at the expense of the creation of true happiness. Because Torvald seemed craves respect from his employees, friends, and wife, status and image are important to him. Any disrespect-when Nora called him petty and when Krogstad familiarly called Torvald by his first name, for example-angered Torvald greatly to show his spoilt and childish nature. By the end of the play, we saw that Torvalds obsession with controlling his homes appearance and his repeated suppression and denial of reality harmed his family and his happiness irreparably showing that men are not always the stronger sex as society has deemed so.

Drug Prevention Campaign Of Las Pinas City Essays

Drug Prevention Campaign Of Las Pinas City Essays Drug Prevention Campaign Of Las Pinas City Essay Drug Prevention Campaign Of Las Pinas City Essay Different anti-drug laws, agencies and campaigns are created by the government to address drug abuse. Republic Act 91 65, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, was promulgated by the Philippine Government to safeguard its citizen from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs. To ensure a more efficient implementation of the said act, it has provided the local government units with authority to formulate, enact and implement programs to control the increase of drug abuse within their locality. To guarantee a more effective implementation and enforcement of his Act to all the localities, a campaign is made to ensure its successful enforcement and implementation. The Drug Prevention Campaign Program is one of the programs of the national and local government in fighting against the drug dependency among all the levels of society. This program will be effective if the government will respond to the needs of the community and if it will incorporate strong monitoring and evaluating components in enforcing the campaign. Drug Prevention Campaign efforts typically focus on minors children and teens. This campaign aims to reduce the motivation of the individuals to use illicit drugs by increasing their knowledge about the potential negative consequences of drug use. According to Inn Hernandez Maillot (2011), drug Prevention Campaign in the Philippines was designed to contribute in the reduction on intake of illicit drugs among all sectors of society by raising the publics awareness and participation. The program is designed to educate the public of the different kinds of illegal drugs and issues associated with it. The campaign commonly uses primary preventive communication through advertising public relations and promotions, source development, and online communication activities. The researchers chose Lass Aphasia City as the local government unit to conduct an assessment of its citizens perception towards the drug prevention campaign implemented within its jurisdiction. The perception of the citizens towards a specific program or campaign of a local government is vital to its success. Governments efforts would not be effective without the help and the cooperation of the people in the community. For generations, the community has served a vital role in terms of offering camaraderie and of acting as a support system of the government. The idea of community may simply come down to supporting and interacting positively with other individuals who share similar interests. Community involvement is a very important aspect of development for any community no matter what the size is. Through community us port and involvement, assessment and understanding the needs of the population will be much easier. It provides a forum for the public to be informed and encourage them to actively be involved in decision making that may ultimately affect their community. Every government program to be successful demands the participation of its citizens. This study aims to determine the impact of citizens perception on decision making taken up by the local government in relation to drug prevention campaign. The researchers measured the perception of the citizens in order to determine whether positive feedback is an indicator of effectiveness or if negative feedback is indicative of program failure. According to Section 51 , Article 7 of Republic Act 91 65, Local Government Units Assistance, local government units shall appropriate a substantial portion Of their respective annual budgets to assist in or enhance the enforcement of this Act, giving rarity to preventive or educational programs and rehabilitation or treatment of drug dependents. This paper looked into how the citizens of Lass Pias City perceive the Drug Prevention Campaign being implemented by their Local Government Unit, more particularly the action taken by the local police and other task force created for the purpose. Conceptual F-ramekin Fig. 1 This figure shows the importance of citizens participation in influencing public decision. The City Government of Lass Pias, in coordination with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PEED), exerts its fort to prevent drug addiction as well as other related crimes within its jurisdiction. Like all other local government units, it aims to protect its citizens from the various implications of illegal drugs. Republic Act 9165, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, has been enacted to protect the society from the harmful effects of using and even selling illegal drugs. Thus, it prevents or reduces the massive supply and demand of these dangerous drugs. Being the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drugs Board, RA 91 65 authorizes PEED to conduct arrests, search and seizures and all other acts in accordance with the law. The law enforcers of the local government should work hand in hand with the said Board. In line with the problem at hand, the researchers of the study attempted to find out the current status of the drug prevention campaign of the law enforcers and the local government in the City of Lass Paisa and also the response of the community in supporting campaign of their local government officials. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the status of the drug prevention campaign implemented by the City of Lass Aphasia and its law enforcers and the receptiveness of the citizens in participating to the local governments managing and programs. Specifically, this study attempts to find the answers to the following questions: 1. What is the current status of drug related crimes in the City of Lass Paisa? 2. What is the present condition of Lass Paisa City campaign against drug addiction? 3. What actions are taken by the local government of Lass Aphasia and its law enforcement unit to prevent drug addiction or abuse? . In what ways does the community show its support in pa artic patting to the local governments campaign against drug addiction? 5. How effective is the drug prevention campaign program of Lass Aphasia City in monitoring and reducing the menacingly increasing number of drug dependents? Sass motions 1 . The local government of Lass Aphasia City is able to l essen, if not fully stub out instances of drug-related crimes within its jurisdiction. 2. Lass Aphasia City is successful with their campaign against drug addiction and was able to establish a drug-free community. . The local government and its law enforcers implement and disseminate the programs in relation to Republic Act 9165 to reduce and prevent the massive increase of drug abuse in Lass Paisa City. 4. The residents are aware and they are participating in the programs of the coal government and its law enforcement units in the campaign against drug abuse. 5. The local government of Lass Aphasia City effectively implements the drug prevention campaign program within its jurisdiction in terms of controlling or reducing the number of drug dependence. Scope and Delimitation The researchers focused on the inquiry about the perception of the citizens in relation to the effectiveness of the drug prevention campaign implemented within the local government of Lass Paisa City. The researchers started formulating their study from the month of December 2011 and ended May 2012. The researchers conducted surveys to the residents and interviews with different local officials of the local government unit. The survey done was limited to 30 respondents from each of the 10 randomly selected bargains within Lass Aphasia City. Significance of the Study This study will benefit the following: Local government and law enforcement Of Lass Pins City- This will help the local government of Lass Aphasia determine whether the projects and programs that are currently implemented in their locality are effective in eradicating or, at least, in lessening the problems of illegal drugs in their community. Parents. This will help them realize that they shall be primarily responsible for the education and awareness of the family members on the ill effects of dangerous drugs and to closely monitor the family members who may be susceptible to drug abuse. Youth. This will aid them to understand and become more aware of the negative implications of using illegal drugs not only to their health but to their future. The said awareness will hinder them from becoming drug users. Future Researchers. This will help encourage other researchers to conduct further studies in line with the implementation ND effectiveness of the said law not only in Lass Aphasia City but in other places in the Philippines. Definition of Terms Board or DB. Refers to the Dangerous Drugs Board under Section 77, Article IX of Republic Act 9165. Dangerous Drugs. Any chemical or biological substance consumed to alter ones mental and physical status and thus identified and prohibited by law. Drug Dependence. Based on the World Health Organization definition, it is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity, in which the use of psychoactive drug takes on a high priority thereby involving, among others, a strong desire r a sense of compulsion to take the substance and the difficulties in substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset, termination or levels of use. PEED. Refers to the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency under Article IX, Section 82 of Republic Act 9165. Pusher. Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away to another or any term, whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any of such transactions in violation of the law. Rehabilitation Center. Any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers which administer the treatment, after-care and follow-up treatment of drug dependents. It includes institutions, agencies and the like whose purpose are: the development of skills, arts, and technical know-how; counseling; and/or inculcating civic, social, and moral values to drug patients, with the aim of weaning them from dangerous drugs and keeping them drug-free, adapted to their families and peers, and readjusted into the community as law abiding useful and productive citizens. Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature This chapter includes gathered information from books, journals, periodicals ND other on-line references which provided the researchers with facts and data used to support their claims in this study. Foreign Literature According to Foresee (1 993), drug abuse is rife in many countries. Billions of dollars are spent in preventing drug abuse and its proliferation. Drug abuse is not only a domestic problem, but also a worldwide issue. It has caused many different problems across all the levels of society. Drug Education is teaching and communicating to help people avoid harm caused by the abuse of various drugs (Wilson Colander, 201 1). Drug Education is usually done with young people in schools and it is also taught in some communities both the young and the old. According to Herman and Fox (1 970), one of the greatest difficulties in discussing drugs is the lack of understanding of the terminology used. Substances with abuse potential range from simple kitchen spices through common flowers and weeds to highly sophisticated drugs. All these substances may be divided into five categories: 1) narcotics, 2) sedatives, 3) tranquilizer, 4) stimulants, and 5) hallucinogens. Medically defined, narcotics are drugs which produce insensibility or stupor due to their depressant effect n the central nervous system. Included in this definition are opium, opium derivatives (morphine, codeine, and heroin) and synthetic opiates (unfeminine, methadone). As regulated by Federal Narcotics Law, the term narcotics also embraces the coca leaf and its derivative, cocaine. Pharmacologically, this drug is a stimulant, not a depressant, but for law enforcement purposes it is considered a narcotic. All other drugs susceptible to abuse are non-narcotics. According to Hanson and Venture (2008), many people think that todays problems with drug use and abuse are unique to this era. As one reads about ancient culture, however, one realizes that drug use has always been part Of human history. For example, the Grecian oracles of Delphi used drugs, Homers Cup of Helen induced sleep and provided freedom from care, and mandrake root supplied hallucinogenic belladonna compounds. There are numerous descriptions in ancient literature of the use of mushrooms, durra, hemp, marijuana, opium poppies, and so on. Under the influence of some of these, drugs many people experience extreme ecstasy or terror. Some old pictures of demons and devils look very much like those described by modern rug users during so-called bummers or bad trips, Witches beliefs that they could fly may have been drug induced because many of the natural preparations used in Witches brews induced the sensation of dissociation from the body -? in Other words, flying or floating. Some drug use can lead to attempts to regulate it legally. For instances, problem drinking is addressed in the Code of Hamburg (2240 B. C. And is described as a problem of men with too much leisure time and lazy dispositions. Nearly every culture has a part of its historical record laws controlling the use of a wide range of drugs, including tobacco. According to the book of Philip Bean (2008), for centuries many people and institutions have made efforts to limit the use and abuse of various drugs, mostly in the form of legal sanctions and restrictions enforced by governments. However, as democracy has proliferated, an increasing reliance on voluntary limits to promote education is called for. This is not to say that government controls are not widely implemented-a look at U. S. Government spending patterns shows otherwise but it is to say that drugs education has developed into a movement and an industry over the last 40 years. Paradoxically, the success of the prevention efforts led to public apathy. Politicians and other leaders took the cue and put drug abuse prevention on the back burner of policy formation and executive action. At the same time, violence, health care reform, welfare reform, and economic issues generated consternation and contentions debate. It is ironic that alcohol, tobacco and other drug abuse have ties to all of those issues, but somehow apathy remains widespread. This comprehensive approach has led to more awareness of the multiple causative factors of violence, such as poverty, unemployment, the easy availability of firearms, the breakdown of the family, TV and media presentations of violence, and, of course, drugs. All of these issues must be addressed if we are to have an impact on violent crime. Our interest here is particularly on drugs. Drugs are linked to crime in three ways. First, drug addicts commit crimes to support their illegal drug habits. These crimes are usually against property, such as shoplifting, purse snatching, burglary and money is the object. These addicts may become violent if a situation escalates, but violence is not their intent. This type of crime has been the intended result of government drug policies. This conclusion is tempered by the fact that addicts are involved in more crime than non-addicts, prior to the onset of drug abuse. The second connection between drugs and crime is the violence associated with the drugs trade. Potential profits are great, and those involved lack moral constraints against violence, so assault and homicide, are ordinary business practices. This connection was seen during the Prohibition Era when organized crime tried to supply the nations thirst for alcohol. Drug trade violence has been with all illegal drugs, including Arizona, amphetamines, heroin and cocaine. During the 1 9805, crack cocaine came on the scene, and this drug, in particular, was associated with the most excessive and vicious crime and violence drive-by shootings became a common phrase. The third relationship between drugs and crime is a pharmacological one. Consumers of mind-altering drugs can become irrational, excited, agitated or unable to control their anger and violent impulses. Foreign Studies The purpose of the study made by Mary Ann Pent and Gunned Gaur Joshua (2006) Translation in Tobacco and Drug Abuse Prevention Research, is to scribe the translation of research on tobacco and drug abuse prevention from basic science to program development to large-scale program dissemination, and from animal to human studies. Relevant continuity of translation is discussed by referring to two variables that have been studied for their potential relationship to drug use risk in both animals and humans: sensation and novelty seeking and low impulse control. Review of the research indicates relatively slow translation until the early 1 sass. The authors recommend several mechanisms to promote more rapid translation cross types of research that encourage reciprocal rather than unidirectional transmission of knowledge to expedite the development and diffusion of more timely, targeted drug abuse prevention programs. Local Literature According to Llamas (2009), to enhance a quick and comprehensible study of the Dangerous Drugs Act and its application is simply by requiring much effort in understanding the penalties to be imposed for a particular drug or group of drugs. The purpose of law enforcement and of the institution and prosecution of criminal cases and other related proceedings in this Act will to be enough because when you put the law in motion, this will require a basic or working knowledge of pertinent provisions of the rules of criminal procedure and evidence. It is in the non-observance of these legal procedures or rules that criminal cases are sometimes dismissed although the evidence against an accused is strong. To provide a comprehensive knowledge of the Dangerous Drugs Act and how it works for those presently engaged, or in the future, may engage in the business or profession of law enforcement or related works. The author has incorporated into this book a discussion of epics that include basic rules of criminal procedure and evidence, law enforcement methods and pertinent judicial precedents. The subject of the Dangerous Drugs Act is crucial in addressing the problems on illegal drugs. It is, therefore, a must for everybody, especially public officers engaged in law enforcement and related works, lawyers, prosecutors and judges, to be well informed about the different facets concerning dangerous drugs; their sources; manner of preparation and use; how they work and affect users; what physical signs to watch out that will indicate drug use, abuse or diction. Local Studies The undergraduate thesis made by Sanding, Cortez and Metrical entitled Assessment of the Local Government Response to Drug Addiction in the Municipality of Dissimilar, Cavity 1994 ;1998 found out that the local government of Dissimilar has programs for their anti-drug campaign such as the creation of the Municipal Physical Fitness and Sports Development Council (MFC). In this study, the citizens of Dissimilar affirmed that they are aware of the program regarding preventive education and information found in newspapers. However, the citizens are not aware of the said aerogram of the Local Government of Municipality of Dissimilar because of some reasons such as lack of funds, poor implementation and lack of participation from the community. Chapter 3 Methodology This part contains discussions about the method used, sources of data, data instruments and respondents. Research Method and Design The research design used in the study is the Mixed Method of research. According to Crewel (201 2), Mixed Method of Research approaches the inquiry of the combination and association of both qualitative and quantitative forms of research. It involves philosophical assumptions that dude the direction of the collection and analysis of data and the mixture of qualitative and quantitative approaches in many phases in the research process. It focuses on collecting, analyzing and data mixing of both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or series of studies. Its central premise is that the use of quantitative and qualitative approaches in combination provides a better understanding of research problems than either approach alone. According to the definition, mixed method of research involves both collecting and analyzing qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data includes closed-ended information such as those found on attitude, behavior or performance instruments. In contrast, qualitative data consists Of open-ended information that the researcher gathers through interviews with participants. The general, open-ended questions asked during these interviews allow the participants to supply answers in their own words. The researchers conducted surveys and interviews with persons of authority over data regarding the topic. Sources of Data The monthly reports of the drug abuse cases and the drug abuse crime related incidents from January 2011 to April 201 2 were taken from the Philippine National Police Station of Lass Pias City. For topics related to education, information dissemination, creation and implementation of programs in relation to drug prevention campaign of the locality, the researchers conducted an interview with the Lass Aphasia City Anti-Drug Abuse Council representatives and personnel. The procedure of assessment, recommendation and acceptance for rehabilitation of drug dependents were gathered from the Lass Paisa City Anti-Drug Abuse Council, Rehabilitation Division. Furthermore, the researchers also conducted interviews with officials of different agencies of the government. The information gathered from the said interviews were vital in the completion of this study. The names of the said interviewees are provided for in the next item. Data Instruments Survey. The researchers conducted a survey with randomly selected residents of Lass Aphasia City with 30 respondents for each of the 10 barraging. This was done to help the researchers establish a background on the perception of the citizens regarding the programs created, implemented, and enforcement of the Act by the Lass Pias City Anti-Drugs Abuse Council and the Local police Force. Moreover, the researchers had the opportunity to gauge the effectiveness and efficiency of the Lass Aphasia City Anti-Drugs Abuse Council and the Lass Paisa City Police Department campaign through the citizens response in the survey. The researchers conducted an interview with Mrs.. Mallow Cobol, the technical assistant of Hon.. Oscar C. Penal (incumbent City Councilor of Lass Pias) about the budget and funding of the Anti-Drug Abuse Council. The researchers also conducted an interview with Mrs.. Maria Castillo, Lass Paisa City Anti-Drug Abuse Council staff, Rehabilitation Division, regarding the recommendation, assessment and acceptance for rehabilitation process of rug dependents. To be able to acquire data about the role of the local government in education and distribution of information regarding the drug prevention campaign of the locality, the researchers interviewed Mr.. Andrea D. Pedro, Technical Assistant for Education of Office of the Mayor. In relation to the number of felons caught per month on crimes related to drug abuse and the measures taken up by the law enforcers of Lass Paisa City, the researchers interviewed police Senior Superintendent Ormolu Spatula, Chief of Police of Lass Aphasia City. Respondents Lass Pias City is divided into 20 bargains. These bargains are grouped into two legislative districts, each with its own set of representatives in the city council. All captains of the bargains in Lass Aphasia City, being on the front line and having a direct hand over the problem of the populace, were considered as respondents. The researchers conducted the sun,eye in 10 randomly selected bargains with 30 respondents each, all of whom are residents thereof. Chapter 4 presentation, Interpretation and Analysis Of Data This chapter shows the results of the survey, interview and other important data relevant to the study of the researchers in line with the perceptions of he citizens of Lass Pias City regarding the drug prevention campaign of the City Government of Lass Aphasia and its law enforcers.

All About the Animals Belonging to Class Asteroidea

All About the Animals Belonging to Class Asteroidea While the classification name, Asteroidea, may not be familiar, the organisms it contains probably are. Asteroidea includes the sea stars, commonly called starfish. With about 1,800 known species, sea stars are a variety of sizes, colors and are a wide-ranging marine invertebrate. Description Organisms in the Class Asteroidea have several arms (usually between 5 and 40) arranged around a central disk. Asteroideas Water Vascular System The central disk contains the madreporite, an opening that lets water into the asteroids water vascular system. Having a water vascular system means that sea stars have no blood, but bring water in through their madreporite and move it through a series of canals, where it is then used to propel their tube feet. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: EchinodermataClass: Asteroidea The Asteroidea are known as the true stars, and are in a separate class from the brittle stars, which have a more defined separation between their arms and their central disk. Habitat and Distribution Asteroidea can be found in oceans around the world, inhabiting a wide range of water depths, from the intertidal zone to the deep sea. Feeding Asteroids feed on other, usually sessile organisms such as barnacles and mussels. The crown-of-thorns starfish, however, is causing extensive damage by predation on coral reefs. The mouth of an asteroid is located on its underside. Many asteroids feed by expelling their stomach and digesting their prey outside their body. Reproduction Asteroids may reproduce sexually or asexually. There are male and female sea stars, but they are indistinguishable from one another. These animals reproduce sexually by releasing sperm or eggs into the water, which, once fertilized, become free-swimming larvae that later settle to the ocean bottom. Asteroids reproduce asexually by regeneration. It is possible for a sea star to not only regenerate an arm but also nearly its entire body if at least a portion of the sea stars central disc remains.